Israel and the United States have conducted repeated air and missile strikes on Iranian leadership targets, nuclear sites, ballistic missile infrastructure, and Revolutionary Guard assets since the February 2026 launch of Operations Roaring Lion and Epic Fury, with further exchanges in June and early September. Israeli officials have noted that air power alone cannot achieve regime change and have signaled readiness for deeper strikes, yet U.S. policy has consistently limited involvement to aerial and naval actions while rejecting large-scale ground commitments. Logistical distances, Iranian terrain, and the absence of a viable invasion corridor have reinforced reliance on precision munitions and special operations rather than conventional ground forces. Ongoing diplomatic efforts and tit-for-tat missile activity through September have not produced reports of Israeli troops entering Iranian territory, keeping trader focus on air campaign sustainability and potential escalation triggers such as renewed Iranian attacks on Israel or U.S. policy shifts.